A short primer on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in the environment and in hydraulic fracturing fluids
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A short primer on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in the environment and in hydraulic fracturing fluids Dr Frederic Leusch and Dr Michael Bartkow, Griffith University – Smart Water Research Centre 17 Nov 2010 1. Some notes about concentrations Concentrations in water in this document are generally given as part‐per‐billion (ppb), equivalent to one microgram per litre (μg/L). A microgram is a millionth of a gram. One ppb is roughly equivalent to a teaspoon of material in an Olympic‐size swimming pool. Note that ppb air concentrations cannot simply be converted to μg/m (and vice versa) but require a conversion factor. 2. What is BTEX? BTEX is an abbreviation used for four related compounds found in coal tar, crude petroleum and a wide range of petroleum products. The compounds are Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes. Table 1. Name, chemical abstract service registry number (CASRN, a unique identifier) and chemical structure of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). Compound CASRN Chemical structure Benzene 71‐43‐2
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